The heavy rains that hit Indiana the first 10 days of June will leave numerous areas of standing water, the breeding ground for mosquitoes, said Ralph Williams, a public health entomologist in the Department of Entomology. Initially, this will result in an influx of nuisance mosquitoes that don’t transmit disease to people, but can carry canine heartworm to dogs

“As floodwaters recede, pockets of water may linger where mosquitoes can lay their eggs,” Williams said. “With the earlier chance for the mosquitoes to breed, it’s especially important to take precautions that will help keep the mosquitoes from spreading a disease to you.”

As the water stands longer and becomes stagnant, it will become a harbor for other mosquitoes, including the type that carries West Nile virus, which potentially can be fatal to humans and horses.

The high probability of an early emergence of the Culex mosquitoes that carry West Nile virus means horse owners should ensure their animals are vaccinated against the disease and other mosquito-borne encephalitic illnesses, said William Hope of the Purdue community equine clinic.

“It looks like it will be a big mosquito season, so horses will have more of a chance to contract these diseases,” he said. “Horses should be vaccinated now, if they haven’t been already, and then receive a second shot in the fall.”

The vaccine is effective for horses, but no vaccine has been developed to protect people or other animals against West Nile virus and related diseases. Other animals, including dogs and cats, can be infected, but it’s rare for them to develop the disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Culex mosquitoes usually are most active in Indiana from mid-August through the fall. However, the Indiana State Department of Health already this year has found the virus in some mosquitoes.

Among diseases that mosquitoes spread are West Nile virus, malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and Eastern and Western encephalitis. West Nile virus, and occasionally Eastern and Western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and La Crosse fever, appear in Indiana. People and some other mammals can contract all of these diseases, but horses don’t contract St. Louis encephalitis or La Crosse fever.

Mosquitoes spread West Nile virus when they bite an infected bird and then bite a person, horse or some other mammal. Although a mosquito may bite an infected mammal, no evidence exists that the diseases can be spread to another mammal, or directly between mammals. This is because, unlike birds, there is not a high enough concentration of the virus in other animals to allow for transmission.

Of the more than 3,000 known mosquito species, Indiana is home to more than 50. Their life cycle is seven to 10 days, and they all breed in standing water.

Williams and Hope recommend that people and animals avoid mosquito-infested areas as much as possible, especially during dusk and dawn, which are prime biting times for the insects. People should use insect repellents containing DEET and picaradin, Williams said.

Insecticides are available to spray on horses and around horse areas.

In addition, the experts recommend these precautions:

• Dispose of, empty and/or clean livestock watering troughs, ditches, puddles, birdbaths, rain gutters, buckets, old tires, ponds and swimming pools so mosquitoes can’t breed.
• Make sure the mosquito repellent you use is registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and check that the concentration is approved for use on children.
• Don’t use human anti-insect products on animals; those repellents could sicken an animal. Special repellents are available for horses, but not for dogs and cats.
• Wear light-colored clothing, long-sleeve shirts, long pants, socks and hats when outside.
• Cover horses with light-colored, lightweight or netted sheets to help keep insects away.

In Related News:

• Event helps flood victims deal with mold-plagued homes
• Extensive spring floods delay Indiana soybean planting
• Flooded vegetables, fruits present health risk
• Specialist: Don’t take chances with tap water during floods
• Specialist: Don’t take chances with tap water during floods

News via Lafayette Indiana Online

Mosquitoes may be early and numerous due to floods

The National Institutes of Health has awarded a five-year grant of $25 million to the IU School of Medicine to fund Indiana CTSI activities at Indiana and Purdue Universities. The NIH created the clinical and translational awards program as a high priority effort to improve the process by which the laboratory discoveries of basic science are transformed into new medical treatments and products – a process called translational research.

Officials at the NIH said the Indiana CTSI is one of the most broadly collaborative of the more than two dozen such programs it has funded to date, with community partners including Clarian Health, Eli Lilly and Co., BioCrossroads, Cook Group, Roche, Wellpoint, the Indiana Economic Development Corp., the Indiana Department of Health and the Marion County Health Department.

“The institute harnesses all of Indiana’s major life sciences research centers into a commonly focused enterprise that will give Indiana’s research scientists many new advantages in finding ways to do their work more effectively and efficiently,” said IU President Michael A. McRobbie. “Over the long term, this will have an enormously positive impact on the state and will make laboratories at both IU and Purdue far more competitive for the major research awards of the future.”

“This partnership creates the only national clinical and translational sciences institute that’s a statewide research laboratory, and the National Institutes of Health acknowledged that,” said France A. Córdova, president of Purdue. “This unique structure means Purdue and Indiana university researchers can address the human health needs of the entire state, especially those in our more rural communities.”

One key to the success of the Indiana CTSI will be its ability to go beyond translating scientific discoveries to treatments and standard health care practices, said Anantha Shekhar, M.D., Ph.D., professor of psychiatry at IU School of Medicine and IU assistant vice president for life sciences, who has been named director of the Indiana CTSI.

“We will build systems that facilitate all levels of research and provide community feedback to researchers. This will enable the researchers to improve and refine the conduct of their science and improve care of their patients. We call it the “translational circle,’ ” Dr. Shekhar said.

Connie Weaver, Ph.D., head of the Department of Foods and Nutrition at Purdue, has been named deputy director of the CTSI at Purdue. Bennett Bertenthal, Ph.D., dean of the IU College of Arts and Sciences, has been named deputy director for the IU Bloomington campus.

D. Craig Brater, M.D., vice president for life sciences of IU and dean of the IU School of Medicine, noted that the institute represents the future of biomedical research.

“The health issues facing us are enormous, the science is complex, and resources must be used carefully. Just as the emphasis on translational science is of vital importance, so are broad-based partnerships and collaborations keys to our success in Indiana. Both are epitomized by the CTSI,” Dr. Brater said.

The heart of the CTSI process will be project development teams, composed of researchers with a broad range of relevant backgrounds. The teams will meet regularly to hear proposals from scientists, assigning project managers to help move discoveries through the additional research and testing steps necessary to produce new medicines and treatment practices.

Because children are under-represented in clinical research, and recognizing IU’s expertise in both pediatric basic science research and treating young patients through such institutions as the Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Riley Hospital for Children, a separate team will focus on children’s health research. The Pediatric Research Acceleration Team will be headed by Scott Denne, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics at the IU School of Medicine.

“We believe that focusing attention on children’s health is one of the ways the Indiana CTSI stands out among the clinical initiatives, and will bring dramatic benefits to children everywhere,” said Ora Hirsch Pescovitz, M.D., executive associate dean for research affairs at IU School of Medicine and president and CEO of Riley Hospital.

Another such team, the Translating Research into Practice Team, will focus on ways to help practicing physicians implement research findings in their work. For example, research has shown that collaborative efforts can help cancer patients in the community get better treatment for pain and depression. Researchers at the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center and the Regenstrief Institute, both CTSI partners, are jointly implementing such a program with cancer physicians in Indianapolis incorporating telemedicine and partnerships with pain treatment specialists.

Another key aspect of the Indiana CTSI is its mission to train a new generation of researchers that are well versed in new technologies such as molecular medicine, community-based clinical trials, implementation studies of effective treatments, and economics of health practices. Kurt Kroenke, professor of medicine at IU, heads the training programs within the Indiana CTSI. Eli Lilly has made a substantial commitment to support training activities within the CTSI.

One aspect of the Purdue program will connect the new institute with Purdue’s statewide Extension educators.

“Carol Boushey, associate professor of foods and nutrition, will serve as a liaison between CTSI and our county educators,” Weaver said. “Carol’s work will be especially important in ensuring that we address the health issues of Indiana. This is where access meets impact.”

Boushey will communicate with county Extension leaders to identify the major community health issues in their areas and report her findings to the institute. Those findings will help researchers conduct community-based interventions and study the effects on the population. Similarly, when public health discoveries are made, Boushey will take the information back to counties that will benefit from it by developing training modules for county Extension educators based on the findings.

In addition to its work in Indiana’s 92 counties, Purdue will handle the nutrition and diet planning for clinical studies under the new partnership. Purdue’s School of Veterinary Medicine will spearhead the pre-clinical animal modeling studies for issues relating to human diseases.

Purdue’s Discovery Park will receive funding to create the third lab in the United States authorized to perform particular types of testing related to Vitamin D absorption and reaction in humans. The testing is necessary for studies of bone health.

The two universities bring a broad array of complementary resources to the initiative to develop faster and more effective methods for moving research discoveries from the laboratory to the patient bedside and to the marketplace. The Indiana CTSI will draw upon deep expertise at the IU School of Medicine in Indianapolis in operating clinical (patient) studies, advanced biomedical research technologies such as genomics and bioinformatics, methodologies for conducting and analyzing research, training physicians and scientists, and bioethics.

“At IU Bloomington, we have a rapidly growing capacity for life sciences research across a broad range of disciplines,” Bertenthal said. “Our resources include new multi-disciplinary laboratories with state-of-the-art core facilities, such as imaging, supercomputing and magnetic resonance instrumentation that put us in the top tier of research universities. These facilities will play a major role in this new initiative.”

The Indiana CTSI builds on investments in research and technology transfer made by Purdue and IU, particularly since 2000. For example, in 2001 Purdue launched Discovery Park, which involves more than 1,000 scientists drawn from every academic unit at Purdue and has led to the creation of 20 new companies. IU has significantly bolstered its research enterprise, attracting top-flight scientists with such support as the $105 million granted by the Lilly Endowment for the Indiana Genomics Initiative. The Indiana General Assembly, meanwhile, has provided financial support for necessary new research facilities and granted $20 million in 2007 for new research initiatives at IU and Purdue.

“The main focus of Purdue’s Discovery Park is bringing people together to solve large-scale problems and then moving the solutions into the marketplace more quickly,” said Alan Rebar, senior associate vice president for research at Purdue and executive director of Discovery Park. “This new center will allow us to accelerate those efforts into more areas of human health.”

The CTSI’s organization will include an external advisory committee composed of Indiana business and government leaders and representatives of other NIH-funded clinical and translational science institutes.

“The CTSI is a nationally significant example of an unprecedented partnership among IU, Purdue, BioCrossroads, corporate leaders and local health care organizations to uncover new life sciences opportunities that can more quickly be put to work to advance human health,” said David Johnson, president and CEO of BioCrossroads. “Receiving this prestigious grant is just further evidence that we’re at the forefront of health care discovery and delivery. Being able to bring research out of the laboratories and into our communities will benefit Hoosiers all over the state.”

“The Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute is another demonstration of the collaboration and commitment among Indiana health care leaders to bring cutting-edge treatments from the bench to the bedside,” said Daniel F. Evans, Jr., president and CEO of Clarian Health.

Because CTSI’s activities will reach out to scientists, health care providers, businesses and communities statewide, CTSI officials will create an Internet-based home for the initiative, the CTSI HUB.

The CTSI HUB will give Hoosier investigators access to a rich database of the scientific resources available in Indiana – researchers and their work, research programs and institutes, and experts that can help them move their work forward. The HUB will help CTSI researchers more easily communicate, collaborate, and track their progress. It will link the Indiana CTSI to other clinical translational science organizations around the country. It also will enable CTSI to better communicate with, and educate, health care providers and consumers throughout Indiana.

“This represents the essence of the Indiana CTSI – a powerful statewide resource for a healthier Indiana,” said Dr. Shekhar.

In Related News:

• Online tool helps students plan transfer credits to Purdue
• Purdue graduates to take part in commencement ceremonies May 9-11
• Deadlines extended for inaugural Indiana Companies to Watch program
• Purdue jumps up 12 places in world rankings
• Purdue seeks campus community feedback on smoke-free campus proposal

News via Lafayette Indiana Online

Research initiative will benefit Hoosiers statewide